The deck

false friend: UA карта; map = hartă. Missed 3x by SES-004 then recalled — the most drilled word in the ledger. Recovered 2026-08-03 after two misses in SES-003. Plural produced as cârți on 2026-08-09 — â written for ă. The word itself was right. Clean on 2026-08-10 — carte f cărți, the diacritic held this time. Plural produced as cârți on 2026-08-12 — the t to ț alternation fired correctly and the stem vowel took â instead of ă. Same error as 2026-08-09. The î-â position rule is satisfied, so this is a vowel choice, not a spelling-position mistake.

the target itself; ≈ UA екзамен — true friend

EN false friend: library = bibliotecă. Learned on the third exposure. Produced as libroară with plural librare on 2026-08-10 — the word itself is no longer stored. Demoted 2 to 1. Retested 2026-08-13, EN→RO bare: produced as libreriă, the Romance shape the false-friend note warns against. The note did not block it.

limba română; this repo's namesake

false friend: UA/RU образ = image

Slavic cognate: UA приятель

NOT ceas (=clock) — UA час trap; hour = oră

false friend: UA/RU труп = corpse; corp is the neutral synonym

eu iubesc (-i class, -esc- infix); UA любити — Slavic cognate that failed to fire unprompted; not iulie

eu vorbesc (-i class, -esc- infix); noi vorbim; vorbesc puțin românește; infinitive a vorbi, 1sg vorbesc. Missed 2026-08-03 as a verbe — the EN verb hook fires but the stem is lost. Infinitive produced as a vorbei on 2026-08-09 while the meaning was right — the citation form is not stored as a form. Correct on 2026-08-10 — first clean production of the infinitive on a leak-checked set. Retested 2026-08-13 at the 3-day interval, EN→RO bare: a vorbei. The learner declared it a real error, not a slip. The final vowel is the conjugation class and gates the present tense.

eu învăț (-a class, bare); noi învățăm; keep apart from a înțelege; învăț românește; both directions like UA вчити. Right lexeme on 2026-08-07; produced as a învață — the 3sg form. Infinitive is a învăța, the two vowels swap

eu înțeleg (-e class, no infix); keep apart from a învăța; nu înțeleg — survival phrase №1; same Latin root as intellect. Right lexeme on 2026-08-07 (ERR-011 did not repeat) but produced as a înțeleg — infinitive welded to the eu-form. Given as to know on 2026-08-09 — to know is a ști. Second meaning miss on this row. Produced as a înteleg on 2026-08-10 — the eu-form welded to the marker again, plus the ț without its comma.

a mulțumi + dat., like UA дякувати комусь; keep apart from mă numesc

until ~11:00; missed in the U01 graded check — confused with bună ziua. Produced as bună dimeniața on 2026-08-10, the i and e transposed. The learner was asked and confirmed it is a mistake, not a typo. Demoted 2 to 1.

from ~18:00. Produced as bună saere on 2026-08-09 — the ea of seara written as ae. Produced as bună seară on 2026-08-10 — the ea is now correct and the final -a became -ă instead.

formal-neutral default greeting

informal: Ce mai faci; answer bine, mulțumesc. Missed 2026-08-03. Given as whats up on 2026-08-09 — meaning right, register wrong. The -ți makes it formal. ⚠️ The tu form is the single broken item in the whole register grid — produced as facesți and facești in SES-011, both times face- plus an ending borrowed from ești. The stem SHRINKS: fac + i, not face + something. And it sounds nothing like its partner — faci is one syllable, fach, with soft c and the non-syllabic final -i, against three in faceți, fa-CHETS. No sound anchor is why the phrase does not come back whole. Cleared on retest 2 of 2 the same session. Ce mă facei on 2026-08-10. facei is face plus i — the stem still does not shrink to fac-. ERR-022 reproduced with the word faceți printed nowhere in the session, which is the cold confirmation SES-011 could not obtain.

semn = sign, cf. EN signify; Ce înseamnă „obraz"? Demoted in SES-011: produced as însegnia, and placed AFTER the quoted word — Ce obraz însegnia. Word order is Ce înseamnă X, verb second, exactly as English does it. Ce itself was correct

lit. "with pleasure"; cf. EN pleasure. Given as with pleasure on 2026-08-09 — the literal reading. The use is you are welcome. Produced as ce placere on 2026-08-10 — plăcere right, cu replaced by ce after a run of Ce mai items, and the ă lost.

from a se numi ≈ UA називатися; answer Mă numesc…. Produced as Cum vă numesți on 2026-08-07 — formal vă with the tu ending -ești. REG zone. Produced as Mâ te numișt on 2026-08-09 — question and answer still fused, persons mixed. Correct later the same session when embedded in a real question. Clean 4 of 4 in SES-011 — both registers, switched in both directions, and produced whole from English. The stem num- does not change, so there is nothing to assemble wrongly. Clean again on 2026-08-10, this time on a leak-checked set. Retested 2026-08-13 at the 3-day interval: Cum ve numesți. numesți is nume- plus the ending of ești — the assembly strategy of ERR-022, on a chunk taught whole.

neutral-formal; lit. "until the re-seeing"

survival phrase; also mai încet. SES-004: frame recalled, the word rar lost — mai takes a plain a. Correct 2026-08-03

for getting attention; mă here is a plain object clitic — excuse ME; the -ся analogy belongs to mă numesc and does not apply (corrected 2026-08-10). Produced as me scuzați on 2026-07-31 — the vowel is ă. Correct 2026-08-03

word order flips — the only greeting that puts bună second; for parting to sleep

te rog informal; lit. "I ask you". Blank on 2026-08-09 — no recall at all, the first total miss for this row. SES-011 promoted to 2 on 2 of 2, rolled back to 1 the same day — both items had vă rog printed in a neighbouring prompt. See work/feedback/2026-08-09_leak-audit.md. Correct on 2026-08-10 after a total blank two days earlier, on a leak-checked set.

regret, not apology; lit. "it seems bad to me"

false friend: UA простий; simple = simplu

Romance layer: cf. EN benefit, It. bene

RU да — the one place Russian is the direct helper; UA так does not help

fără zahăr; not far (=lighthouse, headlight) which UA фара suggests

also negates verbs, placed before them: nu sunt student

informal, works in both directions

eu sunt / tu ești; ei/ele sunt — same form as eu sunt. Demoted SES-004: estim invented for sunt under load. Recovered to tier 2 on 2026-08-03. Promoted to 4 in SES-011 on 3 of 3 register switching, then rolled back to 3 the same day — 2 of those 3 items printed their own answer in a neighbouring prompt. See the leak audit in work/feedback/2026-08-09_leak-audit.md. The claim that ești and sunteți cannot be assembled from each other still holds; it is the score that does not

nu plus a vowel contracts and is written so; nu sunt does not. Produced correctly on first use 2026-07-31. Missed in review as N-ama but produced clean as N-am telefon later the same session 2026-08-03. Clean unprompted production N-am telefon on 2026-08-07

a = EN "to", a separate word (UA uses the suffix -ти); drops when conjugated. Missed 2026-07-31. a vorbei and a înteleg produced on 2026-08-09 — the marker attaches but the form after it is not the infinitive. a vorbi correct on 2026-08-10; a înteleg and a învăță both wrong. The marker attaches reliably and the final vowel of the citation form is still guessed.

nu goes before the VERB, never the noun; UA «не» maps directly

normally omitted, kept for contrast; ei m/mixed vs ele f only; no neuter "it". eu and ea collided, ei missing on 2026-08-03. All eight produced clean on 2026-08-09; dumneavoastră offered as a ninth, which is the formal address form and sits outside the paradigm

î at word edges, â inside; one sound, two letters; graded as ORTH-DIA

faci/faceți, ai/aveți, ești/sunteți, te numești/vă numiți. Blended as faciți and aviți on 2026-08-03 — REG zone, exam-critical for S. SES-011 ran a dedicated repair loop and the premise was wrong: register naming 5 of 5, register switching 7 of 8, retest 6 of 6. The ending pair is not the fault. Three of the four verbs keep their stem (av-, num-, and a fi which shares no letters at all) and all three are clean; a face is the only one whose stem shrinks, fac- against face-, and it is the only one that fails. See ERR-022. ROLLED BACK to tier 1 the same day: 14 of that loop's 16 items printed their answers in other prompts, so the 5 of 5 and 7 of 8 measured copying. The a face diagnosis stands on the shape of the wrong answers; the verdict that the ending pair is sound does not. See work/feedback/2026-08-09_leak-audit.md. On 2026-08-10 aveți and vă numiți were correct and faci came out as facei, on a set that printed no answers. Same verdict as ERR-022, now cleanly evidenced.

no word order change, no auxiliary; UA matches, EN interferes

resembles UA адреса; one d, unlike English. Plural produced as adrease on 2026-08-09 — an ea inserted where the plural is plain adrese. Not produced on 2026-08-10 — stradă came out instead, two minutes after stradă had been keyed. Semantic neighbours inside pe strada X la numărul Y.

also adresă de e-mail. Clean on 2026-08-10 — promoted to 3.

resembles UA інженер; the g is soft, in-ji-ner. Produced as ingener on 2026-08-09 — ge written for gi. EN engineer pulls the e across. ORTH-CG. 3 of 4 on 2026-08-10 — the feminine plural came out ingenere, ORTH-CG again and now in the second syllable.

resembles UA медик; no feminine form, a woman is medic too. Clean twice on 2026-08-09 — meaning and doi medici with the c to ci softening

resembles Latin nomen, EN name; plural identical to singular. Produced as numeștă on 2026-08-07 — the verb a se numi selected for the noun. Third noun-verb blend after a locui a lucra and a învăța a înțelege. Taken as feminine on 2026-08-09 — o nume două numei. It is NEUTER with the plural identical to the singular, and it is the exception that breaks gate 4 of the gender sheet. Taken as feminine again on 2026-08-10, plural given as numi. Second identical miss in two sessions on the gate-4 exception. Taken as feminine a third time on 2026-08-12 in the second drill of the day, and this time the word itself deformed — o numă, where the previous miss had at least kept nume intact. The Latin anchor nomen published hours earlier did not hold.

resembles EN number, Latin numerus; la numărul trei. Plural numare on 2026-08-10 — the stem vowel did not move. Demoted 2 to 1. Plural given as namare on 2026-08-10 — neither the stem vowel nor the ending survived. The worst-formed plural of the session and the only one where the singular was not recoverable from the attempt. Retested 2026-08-13, EN→RO bare: numer, ă written as e. Declared a real error.

no hook — from Hungarian város; neither Latin nor Slavic, memorize flat. Missed 2026-08-03 again. Missed again 2026-08-07 as orâf, then as orasi, then replaced by țară — fifth miss across four sessions. No transfer hook at all (Hungarian város); this is retention, not orthography, so it is not coded — daily rotation instead. Sixth miss 2026-08-09 — doi orași for două orașe, gender and plural both. Still no transfer hook. Seventh miss 2026-08-10 — masculine again, plural orași. Still no transfer hook. On 2026-08-12 in the lesson warm-up the article went wrong again — o oraș with the plural orași, so the plural error is downstream of the gender, not separate. Third consecutive session on this one word, and this time feminine rather than masculine. Hours later, in the same session's graded check, the learner produced Un oraș mare with the article correct — the first time un has landed on this word. Asked for the singular on 2026-08-13 and answered orașe — the plural, correctly formed. See the plural-for-singular pattern.

resembles UA професор; the -oară feminine is the UA -ка instinct

trap: UA програміст → RO programator, not programist

â is the medial rule; m/f pair like UA українець and українка

resembles the UA and EN names

Latin strata, EN street; you live pe stradă, not în. Plural produced as strazi on 2026-08-09 — the d to z shift fired, the a to ă did not. Plural strazi again on 2026-08-10 — the d to z shift fires, the a to ă does not. Also produced in place of adresă in the next block, the two sitting inside one taught chunk. Plural străzi produced correctly on 2026-08-10, with both the a → ă shift and the d → z shift. Not a promotion — the answer was published the same morning. Written as strazi again on 2026-08-12, with the ă supplied in the prompt on the same line. Third occurrence of this exact miss.

resembles UA студент

Slavic loan: UA сто and сотня. A noun, not a numeral — hence o sută, două sute

resembles UA телефон. Produced as telefone in practice 2026-08-07 — pluralised where the singular was wanted. Singular produced as telefone again on 2026-08-09 — second time the plural stem is used for the singular. Clean on 2026-08-10 — singular and plural both right for the first time.

resembles UA Україна; stress on the a-i — Ucraina

suffix is -ean not -ец. SES-004: produced as ucarini — letters transposed, ending masculine. Ending produced as -ance for -ancă on 2026-08-09 — the feminine suffix is -că. 2 of 4 on 2026-08-10 — both plurals kept the -ea- of the singular: ucraineani, ucraineance. The stem reduction to ucrainen- did not fire in either.

RU возраст is the direct cognate — same Slavic root, same meaning; the policy's RU clause, found by the 2026-08-10 audit after this row said no hook exists. â medial then final ă — the two vowels this learner conflates. Clean on 2026-08-10 — promoted to 3.

resembles Latin terra, EN terrain and territory. Clean in review 2026-08-07; but produced as țari in practice the same day — the a→ă stem shift did not fire. Plural țare on 2026-08-10 — neither the -i ending nor the a to ă shift. Demoted 2 to 1. Plural given as țăre on 2026-08-10 — the stem alternation a → ă ran correctly and the ending -e was then attached from the wrong shelf. The two steps ran side by side instead of in sequence; this is the cleanest instance of the ordering fault the U03 routine page was built for.

eu locuiesc (-i class, -esc- infix); cognate locate; Latin locus, EN locate. Keep apart from a lucra to work — blended as Lucuiesc on 2026-08-03. 1sg locuiesc, group -i is U06. Read correctly as to live on 2026-08-09 and then produced for to work minutes later — the link works one way only. Root produced correctly for to live in SES-011, but inside the taught chunk Unde locuiești — in frame only, so the bare English-to-Romanian direction is still untested. Held at tier 1 for that reason. Spelled locuești, without the i. Correct bare from English on 2026-08-10, in the same message as a lucra. ERR-019's open question — the untested EN to RO direction — is now closed, on a leak-checked set.

eu lucrez (-a class, -ez- infix); cognate lucrative; EN lucrative, Latin lucrare; 1sg lucrez memorized as a form — group I present is U05. Selected as a locui for to work on 2026-08-09 — ERR-008 returns, and only in the EN to RO direction. Correct bare from English on 2026-08-10, in the same message as a locui and with neither blending into the other. Retested 2026-08-13 at the 3-day interval, EN→RO bare: a lucre. The learner declared it a real error, not a slip. The final vowel is the conjugation class and gates the present tense. a locui was clean in the same block, so the old locui/lucra confusion did not fire.

= UA що. Pronounced che

people only; = UA хто. First sound as in EN church — Romanian writes it bare c before e/i; RO ch is [k], so never spell the sound with ch (ORTH-CG). Given as how in isolation on 2026-08-09 then used correctly in Cine este profesor minutes later — retrievable inside a question, not alone. Correct bare AND in frame the same afternoon in SES-011

= UA як; also asks names — Cum te numești, where EN what is the saboteur. Produced as cine for how in isolation on 2026-08-09 then used correctly in Cum vă numiți — same isolation failure as cine. Correct bare AND in frame the same afternoon in SES-011. Correct bare on 2026-08-10, three days after the isolation failure.

Latin quantus, EN quantity; Câți ani ai stays welded as one block before the verb. Produced as câți cate on 2026-08-09 — â right on the first form and missing on the second. Meaning correct bare in SES-011, but written Câti in Câti ani ai — the ț lost its comma. Second diacritic slip on this one word in one day; the â is now reliable and the ț is not. Held at tier 1. Both forms correct with both diacritics on 2026-08-10 — the ț that was lost twice on 2026-08-09 held.

Unde locuiești; = UA де. Given as from in isolation on 2026-08-09 then used correctly in Unde locuiești — UA де is nearly the same word and still did not fire alone. Correct bare AND in frame the same afternoon in SES-011. Correct bare on 2026-08-10, three days after the isolation failure.

Sunt din Ucraina; UA «з»

UA «у мене є» has no verb — EN is the model. 2nd most frequent verb; also the perfect-compus auxiliary from U09. Au correct on 2026-08-09 but avesti and aviți produced for ai and aveți the same session. SES-011 read this as repaired and promoted to 2; rolled back to 1 the same day because both switch items printed their own answer in the neighbouring prompt. The true state of ai and aveți is UNKNOWN — wrong 2026-08-03, wrong the morning of 2026-08-09, and not validly tested since. Test it on English prompts only. See work/feedback/2026-08-09_leak-audit.md. Tested cold on 2026-08-10 with an English-only prompt, as ERR-023 demanded. aveți correct, the tu form given as au. So the dumneavoastră form is solid and ai is not — and au is a real slot of the paradigm, not an assembled string, which makes this a different failure from ERR-008.

no de below 20 — trei ani but douăzeci de ani; heavily tested in R. Correct 3 of 3 on first day including the negative case nouăsprezece ani. Clean both directions again on 2026-08-09 — nouăsprezece ani without de and treizeci de ani with it

digit + spre + zece for teens ≈ UA один-на-дцять; digit + zeci for tens ≈ UA два-дцять; joined by și. Three contractions only: paisprezece, șaisprezece, șaizeci — patru contracts in the teens alone. Overgeneralized to șasisprezece and paizeci on 2026-08-03. șasizeci for șaizeci and douâzeci for douăzeci on 2026-08-09 — the three contractions now failing in the opposite direction from 2026-08-03, and â written for ă. On 2026-08-10 both contractions fired — paisprezece and șaisprezece — and douăzeci came back with its ă after douâzeci the day before. Only the ș of șaisprezece was lost.

cine people-only ≈ UA хто, ce ≈ що, cum ≈ як; front position, no inversion. Cum te numești not Ce — UA agrees, EN is the saboteur. Scrambled in isolation on 2026-08-09 — cine and cum swapped both ways, unde lost — then all three correct inside full questions ten minutes later. Retested bare the same afternoon in SES-011: 5 of 5 alone and 5 of 5 in frame. Same-day repair only — the 3-day interval is the first honest test of whether the bare entries held

EN uses be, UA uses no verb at all (мені 30 років); RO uses a real transitive verb. Third instance of Romanian keeping a verb Ukrainian deletes. Clean 3 of 3 on 2026-08-03

Latin balneum, the root behind Italian bagno. Two things at once in the plural: a → ă, and the -ie collapses into the -i.

French bureau, matches EN bureau. Ends in a vowel, so the plural is -uri, not -e. Produced as o buro on 2026-08-10 — a feminine article on a neuter, and the word itself not yet formed. Still not formed on 2026-08-12 in the second drill — o buiro, after o bură earlier the same day. The bureau anchor has now failed twice in one day.

From bucate, victuals, ← Latin buccata. The -ie → -ii plural is regular for every feminine in -ie.

EN decoy: this means computer, not a pocket device; o → oa in the plural. Taken as masculine on 2026-08-07 — doi calculatori. Corrected 2026-08-07, right on 2026-08-09 — the o to oa shift fired

EN false friend: a camera is un aparat foto; UA камера partially helps as chamber

French canapé; UA канапа is the same borrowing. Stressed -ea class, plural -ele.

maps directly to Latin casa; the stem a does NOT shift — the contrast that proves masă mese must be stored, not derived

false friend: UA час means time — time is timp. Written as chasi on 2026-08-07, EN spelling for the ce sound. Taken as masculine on 2026-08-09 — doi cheasi. Two errors in one word: consonant-final inanimate is neuter, and ch is k so cheasi reads kyasi. Second ORTH-CG miss on this row. Taken as masculine again on 2026-08-10, plural ceași. Second identical gender miss; the false-friend meaning is solid, the gender is not. Plural given as cași on 2026-08-10 — the -uri ending replaced by -i and the frozen diphthong ea dropped. ceas is the page's worked example of a diphthong that must NOT alternate, precisely because the singular already violates the position rule.

Latin clavis; RO turns cl- into ch-, as in a chema from clamare. Taken as masculine on 2026-08-09 — un cheie doi chei. It ends in -e and is not alive, so gate 4 makes it feminine. Clean on 2026-08-10 — gate 4 routed it to feminine correctly. Asked for the singular on 2026-08-13 and answered un chei — the plural, correctly formed, with a masculine article. See the plural-for-singular pattern.

Slavic, and RU is the closer match here — ковёр is the same word; UA standard is килим. Neuter in -or, so the plural is -oare and the o opens to oa before it.

French crayon, matches EN crayon; o → oa in the plural. Taken as masculine on 2026-08-09 — doi creioni. Consonant-final inanimate is neuter and the plural is creioane. Produced as creaon on 2026-08-10 with plural creone. The learner was asked and confirmed the vowel swap is a mistake, not a typo. Plural given as creione on 2026-08-10 — the ending -e was right and the stem was never revisited, so o did not open to oa. Second consecutive session on this word, and the failure moved: creone on 2026-08-09 lost the i as well.

Latin cultellus, the root behind EN cutlery. The stem does not move.

Latin dentem, matches EN dentist. On the short masculine -e list. Missed 2026-08-09 as o dinte. Clean on 2026-08-10 — the only masculine -e noun produced entirely right.

Latin dormire, to sleep; matches EN dormitory. A neuter in -or takes -oare. Plural given as dormituri on 2026-08-10 — the ending was chosen wrong at step 2, not the stem at step 3; corrected to dormitoare in practice the same session, post-key.

Turkish farfuri, ultimately Greek. -ie → -ii, same class as bucătărie. Not retrievable at 72 hours on 2026-08-13, EN→RO bare — furfoare. One of only two of 32 that were genuinely gone.

Latin fenestra, matches EN defenestration; ea → e before the plural -e. Gender taken as neuter on 2026-08-07 despite the -ă ending. Corrected 2026-08-07, right on 2026-08-09 — the ea to e stem shift fired

Latin florem, matches EN floral. Feminine -e, the default for the gate. Clean on first contact 2026-08-09. Produced as floară on 2026-08-10 — the gender was called f correctly and the ending was then rewritten to match it. The clearest single instance of the ending being derived from the gender instead of stored. Plural flori produced correctly on 2026-08-10, oa flattening to o before -i, the day after floară. Post-key, so no tier move.

Latin frigidus, cold; matches EN frigid and refrigerator. The stem does not move.

UA лампа maps directly. a → ă before the plural -i.

same root as a lucra to work; ends in -u not -ă, and was taken as feminine on 2026-08-07. Corrected 2026-08-07, right on 2026-08-09 — the fix held

Latin mensa — the stem e resurfaces in the plural. Produced as mase on 2026-08-07, the stem shift did not fire. o masă two mese clean on 2026-08-09 — the a to e stem shift fired unprompted

Latin montem, matches EN mount and mountain. On the short masculine -e list — the ending says nothing, store the gender. Missed 2026-08-09 as o munte. Plural written munti on 2026-08-10, the ț without its comma, while cărți and dinți kept theirs in the same block. Article given as o on 2026-08-12 while the plural munți came out perfect — the word is retrieved and the gender is not attached to it. Ends in -e, which is gate 4 of the gender procedure, the gate that has never scored.

Latin oculus, matches EN ocular; plural identical to singular, so un ochi and niște ochi both stand

Slavic root glend-, as in UA глядіти, to look at. d → z before the plural -i. Written oglidă on 2026-08-10 with the n present in the plural on the same line, and oglindă produced correctly minutes later — a slip, not a memory failure, and not tallied.

Hungarian pohár. No Slavic or Romance hook — store it bare. The stem does not move. Clean on 2026-08-12 — un pahar, pahare, both parts right. The stem has no o to open, and it was correctly left alone, which is the input-vowel gate holding on the word that motivated it.

no hook, memorize flat; -uri plural marks it neuter

Turkish perde. The stressed -ea class: plural -ele. The only shape in the ledger whose feminine singular does NOT end in -ă. Not retained on 2026-08-10 — un perdol on the check, then perdeă in practice: the right word with an -ă where the class ends in a bare stressed a.

masculine despite the -e ending; t → ț before the plural -i. Read as a plural on 2026-08-07. Split answer on 2026-08-09 — o perete with doi pereți. The plural knew the gender and the article did not. On the short masculine -e list. Produced as peret on 2026-08-10 — the final -e came off the word; gender m was right. Retested 2026-08-13, EN→RO bare: peret, the final -e dropped.

Slavic per-, feather — the root of UA перина. The stem does not move. Retested 2026-08-13 at 72 hours, EN→RO bare: produced as perină — the Ukrainian anchor перина itself, with a Romanian ending. The hook delivered the source language.

Slavic pod-, the root of UA під and підлога. Stressed -ea class, plural -ele.

Greek prosopon, face — a face-cloth. o → oa before the plural -e. All three parts correct on first test 2026-08-10. Not retrievable at 72 hours on 2026-08-13, EN→RO bare — propol. One of only two of 32 that were genuinely gone.

Latin panem, matches EN pantry and companion. Feminine -e. Taken as masculine 2026-08-09. Taken as masculine again on 2026-08-10; the word and the plural were both right.

Latin scamnum; RU скамейка is the same family. Taken as masculine on 2026-08-07 — doi scani for două scaune. Corrected 2026-08-07, right on 2026-08-09 — the fix held Asked for the singular on 2026-08-13 and answered scaune — the plural, correctly formed. See the plural-for-singular pattern.

Latin solem, matches EN solar. On the short masculine -e list; inanimate but masculine. 0 of 3 on 2026-08-10 — soar for soare, taken as neuter, and the singular offered as the plural. The worst-scoring noun of the session. On 2026-08-12, second drill, the word came back correct as soare and the article did not follow — o soare. Word and gender are stored separately here and only the word has been rebuilt. It is masculine in -e, which is the open gate 4 of the gender procedure.

no hook, memorize flat; -i plural, not -e

not a vowel but a softening on the consonant, like UA день and кінь. After c or g it merges into the ce and ge sounds instead, so medici is two syllables. Italian Medici with three is the trap. Clean on 2026-08-09 — medici, pereți, dinți, uși, flori all produced correctly

the ending reaches back: t→ț, d→z, s→ș, and the vowels a→ă, a→e, ea→e, o→oa. UA has the same reflex in рука руці and стіл стола. Recognised correctly but produced 0 of 4 on 2026-08-07, then 5 of 5 on 2026-08-09 after the per-word cheat sheet built the same day — mese, ferestre, calculatoare, pereți, uși. It held only on rehearsed nouns: străzi came out as strazi and cărți as cârți the same day. On 2026-08-10 the alternation fired only in cărți. țare, numare, creone, librare, ucraineani, ucraineance and strazi all left the singular stem untouched — the plural is being assembled by swapping an ending onto an unchanged stem. Taught as an ordered three-step routine on 2026-08-10 (gender → ending → the ending rewrites the stem) after the ledger showed it failing on every unrehearsed noun for three sessions. Retested the same session on five nouns never seen, answers printed nowhere: 4 of 5. Two needed a change and got one, two needed none and got none, and the single miss was saete for sate — an invented change, the first OVER-application on record. Promoted to 2 on that evidence; the misses before it were all under-application. Sampled again on 2026-08-12 in the second drill, on ten fresh neuters with the -e ending supplied so that only the stem was scored: 9 of 10. Four of five o-stems opened to oa and five of five non-o stems were correctly left alone, so zero over-application. Held at 2 rather than promoted — the look fell two days into a three-day interval and came hours after the same gate was corrected, so it measures repair and not retention. The single miss was piciore for picioare, declared a real error by the learner, where the o sits inside cio and the plural needs three vowel letters in a row.

un covers m and n, o is f, niște is every plural. German ein und eine carries gender the same way; UA and RU have no articles at all. Refused after a fi plus a profession and after a negated verb — N-am telefon. Volunteered unprompted on all 12 nouns of one block on 2026-08-10 and correct on every one, including un for the neuters. Promoted to 2 on that evidence.

neuter is NOT UA середній рід — Romanian has only two agreement patterns, so a neuter noun is masculine in the singular and feminine in the plural. Test by counting: doi versus două. Assignment failed 5 of 7 on 2026-08-07. On 2026-08-09 the heuristic was rewritten as an ordered four-gate procedure — -ă means feminine, alive means masculine, consonant or -u and not alive means neuter, -e decides nothing. Gates 1 to 3 scored 6 of 7 and gate 4 scored 2 of 5, so the -e gate is the open wound. Gate exceptions to name when they arrive: tată is masculine despite -ă (U04 — person-sex outranks the ending), an and U08's leu are masculine despite gate 3. On 2026-08-10 gates 1 to 3 scored 12 of 15 and gate 4, the -e gate, scored 6 of 9 against 2 of 5 on 2026-08-09. oraș and ceas were taken masculine for the second consecutive session. On 2026-08-12, second drill, the article split cleanly by whether the word was retrieved: un was written six times and was correct six times, o was written six times and was correct only on the three real feminines. The article is not being chosen — un rides along with a retrieved word and o fills the space when the word is missing. See ERR-033.

The three steps are not independent: the ending is what rewrites the stem, so the stem cannot be touched until the ending is chosen, and gender never touches the stem at all. Added 2026-08-10 because every plural error on record is this ordering breaking in one of three ways — creione, the ending taken and the stem left alone; țăre, the stem rewritten and an ending from the wrong shelf attached after; floară, the stem rewritten from the GENDER, which has no power over it. The rule is one sequence, not three facts, and it is the reason the alternation table alone did not land on 2026-08-09.

-uri is neuter at this level — vremuri and treburi are feminine and arrive later (hedged 2026-08-10); -e is never masculine; masculine is -i almost without exception. German is the anchor — the plural is memorised with the noun and unpredictable by design; UA plurals are regular from the stem and give no hook here. 12 of 14 on drilled nouns on 2026-08-09 but 7 of 12 on undrilled ones — the plural is stored per word, so a noun whose plural was never rehearsed does not have one. On 2026-08-10 plurals scored 4 of 13 — the weakest zone of the session by a wide margin, and far below the 75% the gender assignment it depends on reached.

EN forces an article and interferes; UA having none is right here. ART-NDEF zone, full article system U03

Sits visibly on bun, good — one of the same session's adjectives. Both plurals are the same word, bunici. Produced correctly EN to RO on 2026-08-12, first exposure.

EN family. UA фамілія is a false friend — it means surname, and the UA word for family is сім'я. The -ie to -ii plural is regular for every feminine in -ie, the class of bucătărie and farfurie. Produced correctly EN to RO on 2026-08-12, first exposure.

EN fraternal and fraternity, Latin frater. Ends in -e and is alive, so gate 2 makes it masculine. The plural -i rewrites t to ț.

UA мама maps directly. The stem does not move before the plural -e.

EN sorority, Latin soror. The plural is irregular twice over — o becomes u and a syllable is added. Recognised correctly RO to EN on 2026-08-12, first exposure.

UA тато. Masculine although it ends in -ă — for a person, sex outranks the ending, so gate 1 of the gender procedure does not run. This is the exception G-0017 has been carrying since 2026-08-09. Asked for article and plural on 2026-08-12 and answered dad — the meaning correct and recorded, the forms not attempted.

EN bonus and bounty, Latin bonus. Held inside bună ziua since 2026-07-30 and isolated as an adjective on 2026-08-12. The default four-form class. Produced correctly as bună the same day.

Latin forma, well-formed. The o opens to oa before -ă and -e — the same conditioning as the noun plurals, not a new rule. Produced as frumaosă on 2026-08-12: oa written ao, and a feminine singular ending on a neuter singular target that takes the bare form.

Two forms — the masculine singular ends in -e, so gender does nothing and there is no such word as mară. Also a feminine noun, marea, the sea. Produced correctly on 2026-08-12 inside Un oraș mare.

EN maroon, French marron, a chestnut. Borrowed, so it never takes an ending in any slot. Produced as maroă on 2026-08-12 — an ending attached where the language has none. See ERR-034.

EN micro. Three forms — a short c-stem, so both plurals merge into mici. The borrowed -ic suffix does not merge: simpatic gives simpatice.

EN verdant. Two forms. The plural -i rewrites d to z, as in oglindă to oglinzi. Left unchanged where a plural was wanted on 2026-08-12.

Four form-classes, counted by how many distinct forms an adjective has: 4 (bun), 3 (mic, nou), 2 (mare, verde), 1 (maro). The endings are fixed and carry no choice — -ă feminine singular, -i masculine plural, -e feminine plural — and there is no -uri anywhere on an adjective, so the -e versus -i coin flip that breaks the noun plural does not exist here. Neuter has no form of its own: masculine cell in the singular, feminine cell in the plural. Taught 2026-08-12. Measured the same day on five retest items with the noun supplied so only the adjective was scored: vechi left bare and negre built from negru both correct, plină for pline, alb for albe, receă for rece. Three feminine-plural items produced three different answers, so the rule is not being run and an -ă fills the slot when it does not fire. See ERR-034.

UA, RU and EN all put the adjective in front, so this is the position error to expect. Taught 2026-08-12 and correct in all eleven phrases produced that day, graded check and retest together. The position landed immediately and the endings did not — worth separating from G-0023 because the two fail independently.

resembles Latin annus, EN annual; the noun in Am 30 de ani. un an doi ani clean on 2026-08-09 — masculine despite being a consonant-final inanimate, the gate exception produced correctly

same double meaning as UA місяць — obvious once noticed. Plural produced as lune on 2026-08-09, reasoned from casă case. Feminine takes -e or -i and which one is stored, not derived. Plural lune again on 2026-08-10 — second identical miss, still reasoned from casă case.

Latin dies, EN diary and journal. Answered ziua on 2026-08-07 — the definite form lifted out of bună ziua. Bare noun is zi. Plural produced as zi on 2026-08-09 — zile adds a syllable and is irregular. Plural zili on 2026-08-10 — a third different wrong ending for this word.

se ≈ UA -ся: mă numesc ≈ називаюся — true help. Taught as a chunk SES-004; question and answer still fused — Ma tu numeți for Cum te numești. Cum te numești produced correctly on 2026-08-03 in free use but not under test — still fused