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U01 · complete intake · 32 words · 8 patterns

Everything you were quizzed on this morning

The entire U01 vocabulary and grammar set, in one place, with audio on every item. Each row is tagged with what actually happened today — so the sixteen you lost are findable in one tap, not hidden inside a list of thirty-two.
Tap any row to reveal it. Switch the mode above to hide one side and test yourself.

16missed today
7held today
9not tested
Play buttons work in every mode — use the audio as your hint.

Greetings & farewells

6

Romanian splits the day more finely than English and picks the greeting by the clock, not by formality. Three of these six went missing today.

bună ziua
good day / hello

The safe default from late morning to evening. Formal-neutral — use it with strangers, shops, officials.

V-0001not tested
bună dimineața
good morning

Until about 11:00. You wrote dimeneața — the vowel is i: di-mi-nea-ța.

V-0018held
bună seara
good evening

From about 18:00. Resembles — Latin sera.

V-0019missed
noapte bună
good night

The only greeting that flips the word orderbună comes second. And it is for parting to sleep, never for arriving. Not Spanish noche: Romanian kept the diphthong, noapte.

V-0020missed
salut
hi; bye

Informal, works arriving and leaving. Fine with friends — not in the exam's formal role-plays.

V-0021held
la revedere
goodbye

Neutral-formal, literally "until the re-seeing" — UA «до побачення» ("until the seeing") is the exact structural match. This is the goodbye the examiner expects, not salut.

V-0022missed

Courtesy

5

You lost all five of these today. They are also the five highest-frequency things you will say out loud in the Speaking section, so they get drilled first.

mulțumesc
thank you

From a mulțumi, which takes the dative — like UA дякувати комусь. Keep it apart from mă numesc: similar shape, unrelated word.

V-0002missed
cu plăcere
you are welcome

Literally "with pleasure" — maps directly to EN pleasure. The standard reply to mulțumesc.

V-0026missed
vă rog
please (formal)

Literally "I ask you". Informal is te rog. This is also how you soften any request: mai rar, vă rog.

V-0003missed
mă scuzați
excuse me (formal)

For getting attention, squeezing past — and the normal light apology when you bump someone (scuzați-mă, same meaning, works too). The here is a plain object pronoun — "excuse me"; the -ся analogy belongs to mă numesc only.

V-0028missed
îmi pare rău
I am sorry

Literally "it seems bad to me" — regret: bad news, sympathy, and the serious apology. For the light bump, mă scuzați / scuzați-mă is the normal move.

V-0027missed

Keeping a conversation alive

4

The repair kit. In the Speaking section these are worth more than vocabulary: they buy you time without breaking the conversation.

Ce mai faceți?
How are you? (formal)

Informal: Ce mai faci? The expected answer is Bine, mulțumesc.

V-0029missed
Cum vă numiți?
What is your name? (formal)

The question. You answered with mă numesc, which is the reply — worth separating: numiți asks, numesc answers.

V-0030missed
mai rar, vă rog
slower, please

This buys tempo. You translated it as "again" — that is a different move: încă o dată, vă rog. Also usable: mai încet.

V-0031near miss
Ce înseamnă…?
What does … mean?

Inside it is semn = sign — maps directly to EN signify. Ce înseamnă „obraz"?

V-0032missed

Verbs

4

Stored as infinitives — the a-form. That is the form to learn for every new verb, because the I-form cannot be derived backwards from it (this is what item 26 caught this morning).

a vorbi, vorbesc
to speak, I speak

Vorbesc puțin românește — I speak a little Romanian. a vorbi, not a vorbesc.

V-0005missed
a învăța, învăț
to learn; to teach — I learn

Both directions in one verb, like UA вчити. You blended it with a înțelege today — they are neighbours, not relatives.

V-0010missed
a înțelege, nu înțeleg
to understand — I don't understand

Survival phrase №1. Matches — same Latin root as EN intellect.

V-0007held
a iubi
to love

UA любити — a close Slavic cognate that still failed to fire in the placement probe, where you read it as iulie, "July". Slavic hooks only work once named.

V-0017not tested

Everyday words

8
da
yes

RU да — the one place Russian is the direct helper. UA так gives you nothing here.

V-0023held
nu
no; not

Also the verb negator, placed before the verb: nu sunt student. Before a vowel it contracts: nu amn-am.

V-0024held
bine
well; fine

Resembles — the Romance layer: EN benefit. The default answer to Ce mai faceți?

V-0025held
fără
without

Fără zahăr — without sugar. Watch out: UA фара suggests "headlight" — that word is far, a different one.

V-0012missed
timp
time

Trap: UA час looks like ceas — but ceas is a clock. Time = timp, hour = oră.

V-0009not tested
limbă
language; tongue

Both senses, exactly like UA мова/язик splits — limba română. This word is what this whole workspace is named after.

V-0006not tested
examen
exam

Matches — UA екзамен. The thing this is all for.

V-0011not tested
prieten
friend

Slavic cognate — UA приятель. Instant once named.

V-0004not tested

False friends — the danger class

5

Every one of these is a word your own languages will confidently mistranslate. In the placement probe you lost 3 of 3 attempted; trup held this morning and carte has now been missed three times. Documenting a false friend does not inoculate against it — only drilling does.

carte
book

UA карта says "map". It is not. Map = hartă. Missed three times now — this is the single most drilled word you own.

V-0008missed ×3
trup
body

UA/RU труп says "corpse". It does not. Corpse = cadavru; the neutral word for body is also corp. You got this one right today — it was wrong in the placement probe.

V-0014held
obraz
cheek

UA/RU образ says "image". It means cheek.

V-0013not tested
librărie
bookshop

EN library says "library". It means bookshop. Library = bibliotecă — and here Ukrainian бібліотека rescues you.

V-0015not tested
prost
stupid

UA простий says "simple". It means stupid — an expensive mistake to make out loud. Simple = simplu.

V-0016not tested

The eight patterns

8

Grammar is reviewed by producing a sentence, never by reciting the rule. Each card ends with one prompt — say it out loud before you tap.

a fi — present

not testedG-0001

sunt · ești · este · suntem · sunteți · sunteu sunt and ei/ele sunt are the same form.

Ukrainian deletes this verb («Я студент»). Romanian never does.

Eu sunt, tu ești, el este, noi suntem, voi sunteți, ei sunt.
I am, you are, he is, we are, you are, they are.

Say: We are students.

Suntem studenți.noi dropped, and no article on the profession.

The infinitive marker a

missedG-0006

a is a separate word in front, exactly EN "to"a fi, a vorbi, a învăța. It is not a + the I-form.

Ukrainian glues -ти on the end; Romanian puts its marker in front. The marker disappears the moment you conjugate: a vorbivorbesc.

a fi, a vorbi, a învăța, a înțelege
to be, to speak, to learn, to understand

Give the infinitive of înțeleg (I understand) and iubesc (I love).

a înțelege · a iubi — neither is predictable from the I-form. Learn the a-form first, always.

Negation with nu

heldG-0004

nu stands immediately before the verb — never before the noun.

UA «не» maps directly. The one addition: before a vowel it contracts — nu amn-am.

Nu sunt student. N-am timp.
I am not a student. I do not have time.

Say: She is not a teacher.

Ea nu este profesoară.

Yes-no questions by intonation

missedG-0005

No auxiliary, no word-order change. A statement, said with a rising tone.

Ukrainian works the same way — trust it. English is the interference here, wanting a "do" that Romanian has no room for. Today's miss was different, though: you used este where formal address needs sunteți.

Sunteți profesor? Aveți o întrebare?
Are you a teacher? Do you have a question?

Ask one person, formally: Are you Romanian?

Sunteți român?dumneavoastră always takes the plural verb, even for one person.

Subject pronouns

near missG-0007

eu · tu · el · ea · noi · voi · ei · ele — normally omitted, kept only for contrast.

Two things English does not have: ei for men or a mixed group, ele for women only — and no word for "it". Today you gave el where a women-only group needs ele.

Ei sunt studenți. Ele sunt studente.
They (m or mixed) are students. They (women) are students.

Two women are engineers. Say it.

Ele sunt inginere.ele, and the feminine plural of the profession.

The î / â spelling rule

near missG-0008

One sound, two letters. î at the word's edges, â inside.

The sound is RU ы. Getting the letter wrong is graded as a diacritics error, not a typo — it is a spelling rule with almost no exceptions.

început, român, a coborî
beginning, Romanian, to descend

î or â? — a hotăr_ (to decide) · c_ine (dog) · _ntreb (I ask)

a hotărî · câine · întreb — end, middle, start.

mă numesc — the naming chunk

new todayG-0003

Cum vă numiți? asks · Mă numesc… answers.

Romanian mă / te / se does the work of UA -ся: mă numescназиваюся. A true transfer asset — with the particle in front instead of glued behind. Learn it as a chunk; the system behind it is U06.

Cum vă numiți? Mă numesc Vitalii.
What is your name? My name is Vitalii.

Ask informally, then answer.

Cum te numești? — Mă numesc Vitalii.

The definite article as a suffix

not taught yetG-0002

băiatbăiatul · casăcasa — "the" is glued to the end of the noun.

This sits in the ledger ahead of schedule so you recognise it in the wild. It is the single highest-frequency error source in Romanian for a Ukrainian speaker — no articles exist in UA or RU at all. Taught properly in U05; ignore it until then.

băiat, băiatul. casă, casa.
a boy, the boy. a house, the house.
work/visuals/2026-07-31_u01-deck.html · built during SES-004 from state/vocab.md and state/grammar.md · audio is neural Romanian, embedded, works offline.
The tags reflect one morning's quiz, not your permanent standing — every tier-1 miss is due again tomorrow. Today's new U02 words live in the companion file 2026-07-31_identity.html.